讲义2:反义疑问句、数词、名词单复数、主谓一致

发布时间:2015-11-19 14:11 分类:内部资料

        

一、反意疑问句
反义疑问句(tag Question)又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致,两部分用逗号隔开。其基本句子结构有以下两种:
1. 肯定陈述句+简略否定问句,即:前肯后否。如:
It’s very hot today, isn’t it? 今天很热,是吗?
2. 否定陈述句+简略肯定问句,即:前否后肯。如:
Bill didn’t want to go, did he? 比尔不想去,是吧?
 
反义疑问句常见情况:
1, 使用什么样的Be 动词,助动词还是情态动词:
1 ) 陈述部分的主语是 I ,疑问部分要用 aren't I 。例如:
I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2 ) 陈述部分的谓语是 wish ,疑问部分要用 may + 主语。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
3 ) 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句 , 陈述部分是肯定的 , 疑问部分用 shouldn't / oughtn't + 主语 。
例如:He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么 , 对吗?
4 ) 陈述部分有 have to +v. ( had to + v. ) ,疑问部分常用 don't + 主语 ( didn't + 主语 ) 。例如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿 , 是吗?
5) 陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时,疑问部分用 didn't + 主语或 usedn't + 主语。
例如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?
6 ) 陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadn't you? 例如:
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?
7 ) 陈述部分有 would rather +v. ,疑问部分多用 wouldn't + 主语。
例如:He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背
诵,是吗?
8 ) 陈述部分有 You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldn't + 主语。
例如:You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
9 ) 陈述部分有 must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据其推测的情况而定。
例如:He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?
He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明 天 肯 定 要 下 雨 , 是 吗 ?
10) 感叹句中,疑问部分用 be + 主语。例如:
What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
11 ) 带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need ( dare ) + 主语。
例如:We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?
当 dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do + 主语。
例如:She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
12 ) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用 will you 。例如:
Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?
Go with me, will you / won't you? 跟我走吧,好吗?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用 shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用 will you? 例如:
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? 你让我们在阅览室等你 , 好吗?
13) 陈述部分是 "there be" 结构的,疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。
例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题,对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
14 ) 陈述部分由 neither … nor, either … or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
15 ) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?
c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:
I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
 
2, 疑问部分的主语:
1 ) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it 。
例如:Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?
2 ) 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等 , 疑问部分常用复数 they ,有时也用单数 he 。例如:
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? ( does he? ) 人人都知道答案,是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? ( does he? ) 没人知道这件事,是吧?
 
 
3, 疑问部分是肯定还是否定:
1 ) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义的词时 , 疑问部分用肯定含义 。 例如 : Some plants never blown ( 开花 ) , do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
2 ) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能,是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
 

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