卓越考研

       答案及评分标准 

 
Part I E-C Translation. Please translate the following sentences into Chinese by using the designated translating methods.  1. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. (词类转换法) 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。(2)  
2. The handshake is thought to have originated in medieval Europe as a way for kings and knights to show that they did not intend to harm each other and possessed no concealed weapons. (拆分法) 
握手据称源自中世纪的欧洲。那时国王和骑士用握手来表明他们没有伤害对方的意图，也没有暗藏武器。(3)  
3. The Austrian capital Vienna, which was home to Mozart and Beethoven, among others, and has a population of 1.7million, has the best living standards in the world, according to an annual quality of living survey. (句序重组法) 
根据一项年度生活质量调查，人口170万的奥地利首都维也纳拥有全世界最高的生活水平。它也是莫扎特和贝多芬等名人的故乡。(3) (此句可视具体情况酌情给分)  
Part II C-E Translation. Please translate the following sentences into English by applying the designated translating methods.  
1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。（合并法）  China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (3) 
2. 拥有人工智能的第五代电脑正在发展和完善中。(主被动转换法) 
The fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now. (2)  
3. 这些组件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁场的影响。(正反译法)  
These elements are shielded so that they are free from the influence of magnetic field. (2)  1. 15% 
The world's population looks set to smash through the seven billion barrier in the next few days, according to the United Nations. ①It comes just 12 years since the total reached six billion with official estimates saying the figure will top eight billion in 2025 and 10 billion before the end of the century. And it is most likely the baby will be born in the Asia-Pacific region where the population growth rate is higher than anywhere else in the world. ②Experts say the pace of growth which has seen the number of people on the planet triple since 1940 poses an increasing danger to citizens. ③With more people to feed, house and provide medical care for, the world's resources look set to come under more strain than ever before. As populations stabilize in the industrial world, almost all growth in the near future is expected to take place in developing countries. Of the 2.3 billion people the UN believes will be added by 2050, more than one billion will live in sub-Saharan Africa. The Indian subcontinent will add some 630 million people. It will mean less land and water available for each person.④Poorer people, who tend to depend more on natural resources, will bear the brunt as they will not be able to compete with the rich. The major issues will be how to feed the new arrivals, which will see the need for new varieties of improved crops. ⑤Aging populations are also set to pose a problem with some industrial countries, such as Japan, nearly doubling its share of the population aged 65 and over in the past 20 years. This will put increased pressure on pension and healthcare systems. But despite the problems the world is facing, Under-Secretary-General of the UN Dr Noeleen Heyzer said the seventh billion child of the world has a better chance of surviving past the age of five than a decade ago. The life expectancy for both women and men has also increased in every Asian and Pacific country during the past decade. ⑥And although the pace of development is 1.1 percent in 2011----meaning an extra 78 million people will live on the planet by the end of this year----it has slowed down slightly from its peak of 2 percent in 1968. 
联合国的数据显示，世界人口在几天后就会突破70亿大关。这距离世界人口达到60亿只有12年时间，据官方估计，世界人口将在2025年突破80亿，在本世纪结束前达到100亿。第70亿个小孩最可能出生在亚太地区，那里的人口增长速度比世界其他任何地方都要快。自1940年以来世界人口已经增加了两倍，专家说这样的增长速度给居民造成了日益严重的威胁。要养活更多的人、提供更多的住房和医疗服务，世界资源所要承受的压力比以往任何时候都要大。由于在工业化国家人口数量趋于平稳，在不久的未来，几乎所有的人口增长都将集中在发展中国家。 
联合国认为，到2050年，世界人口将增加23亿，其中超过10亿将生活在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，印度次大陆将增加约6.3亿人口。这意味着人均能占有的土地和水更少了。对自然资源依赖更多的穷人因为无法和富人竞争，将承受人口过多带来的冲击。
到那时，世界的主要问题将是如何养活新生人口，并将急需各种改良农作物的新品种。 
人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。不过，尽管世界即将面临这些问题，联合国副秘书长诺埃琳•海泽博士说，世界新增加的10亿小孩存活到5岁以上的几率比十年前要高。海泽博士还说，在过去的十年，亚太地区各个国家的女性和男性的寿命都延长了。此外，尽管2011年的人口发展速度是1.1%，这意味着在今年年底前地球会增加7800万人口，但相比人口高峰年1968年的2%还是略有下降。   
*从句, 独立主格结构, 非谓语动词等的翻译方法的运用 *长句的语序调整 *汉语意合特征的表现   
2. 10%  (此段专业硕士不考,分数均分给1, 3两段) 
Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.  
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.   
The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us----that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion----that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain----that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom----and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 参考译文见教材, 未作改动  3. 10% 
  荒野是自然界有形的实体，它就在我们够得着的范围内，让我们去触摸，去感受，并体验我们对自然美的感受能力。荒野有助于水源的保护，有助于水的储存和生产。它为动物提供庇护和活动空间，否则这些动物也许会惨遭灭绝。荒野还为多方面的休闲娱乐活动提供资源。然而，荒野所形成的美丽壮观的景色无处不受到威胁。建高楼大厦需砍伐树木；处理污水和发电需借用水道；对经济有价值的大山必须侵扰；为了满足人口不断增长的需要，必须开发峡谷和草原。如今，人们已渐渐认识到有计划地利用荒野资源是必要的。他们应当将从祖辈那儿继承的美丽国土完好无损地传给子孙后代。 参考译文见教材, 原文稍有改动，略去几句： 1. 荒野是多用途管理必不可少的一部分。 2. 最严重的威胁往往是在“进步”的幌子下进行的