卓越考研

Section I  Use of English 
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） 
A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is __1__ and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is __2__ listening behavior. As a (an） __3__ in point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severe __4__ problem. She was so __5__ that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent：“There„s nothing wrong with her hearing. She‟s just __6__ you out.” 
A leading cause of the __7__ divorce rate (more than half of all marriages end in divorce) is the failure of husbands and wives to __8__ effectively. They don„t listen to each other. Neither person__9__to the actual message sent by the other. In __10__ fashion, political scientists report that a growing number of people believe that their elected and __11__ officials are out of __12__ with the constituents they are supposedly __13__. Why? Because they don‟t believe that they listen to them. In fact, it seems that sometimes our politicians don„t even listen to themselves. The following is a true story: At a national __14__ conference held in Albuquerque some years ago, then Senator Joseph Montoya was __15__ a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to __16__ a speech. When he rose to speak, __17__ the horror of the press aide and the __18__ of his audience, Montoya began reading the press release, not his speech. He began, “For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya, Democrat of New Mexico, last night told the National……” Montoya read the entire six-page release, __19__ with the statement that he “was repeatedly __20__ by applause.” 1.［A］ scarce    ［B］ little   
 
［C］ rare    ［D］ poor 2.［A］ malignant   ［B］ deficient   ［C］ ineffective  
［D］ feeble 3.［A］ case    ［B］ example   ［C］ lesson   ［D］ suggestion 4.［A］ audio  
 
 ［B］ aural    ［C］ hearing   ［D］ listening 5.［A］ believing   ［B］ convinced   
［C］ assured   ［D］ doubtless 6.［A］ turning    ［B］ tuning   ［C］ tucking   ［D］ tugging 7.［A］ rising   
 ［B］ arising  ［C］ raising  ［D］ arousing8.［A］ exchange   ［B］ interchange  ［C］ encounter   ［D］ interact 9.［A］ relates    ［B］ refers   ［C］ responds   ［D］ resorts 10.［A］ like  
 
 
［B］ alike    ［C］ likely  
 
［D］ likewise 11.［A］ nominated   ［B］ selected   ［C］ appointed   ［D］ supported 12.［A］ connection   ［B］ reach   
 
［C］ association  ［D］ touch 13.［A］ leading  
 
［B］ representing  ［C］delegating   ［D］ supporting 14.［A］ legislative   ［B］ legitimate   ［C］ legalized   ［D］ liberal 15.［A］ distributed   ［B］ awarded   ［C］ handed   ［D］ submitted 16.［A］ present    ［B］ publish   ［C］ deliver   ［D］ pursue 17.［A］ to     ［B］ with   
 
［C］ for   
 
［D］ on 18.［A］ joy  
 
 ［B］ enjoyment   ［C］ amusement  ［D］ delight 19.［A］ conclude   ［B］ to conclude  ［C］ concluding  ［D］ concluded 20.［A］ disrupted   
［B］ interfered   
［C］ interrupted  
［D］ stopped 
 
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension 
Part A  
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points） 
Text 1 
What accounts for the astounding popularity of Dr. Phil McGraw? Why have so many TV viewers and book buyers embraced this tough warrior of a psychologist who tells them to suck it up and deal with their own problems rather than complaining and blaming everyone else? Obviously, Oprah Winfrey has a lot to do with it. She made him famous with regular appearances on her show, and is co-producing the new “Dr. Phil” show that„s likely to be the hottest new daytime offering this fall. But we decided to put Dr. Phil on the cover not just because he‟s a phenomenon. We think his success may reflect an interesting shift in the American spirit of time. Could it be that we„re finally getting tired of the culture of victimology? 
This is a tricky subject, because there are very sad real victims among us. Men still abuse women in alarming numbers. Racism and discrimination persist in subtle and not-so-subtle forms. But these days, almost anyone can find a therapist or lawyer to assure them that their professional relationship or health problems aren„t their fault. As Marc Peyser tells us in his terrific profile of Dr. Phil, the TV suits were initially afraid audiences would be offended by his stern advice to “get real！” In fact, viewers thirsted for the tough talk. Privately, we all know we have to take responsibility for decisions we control. It may not be revolutionary advice （and may leave out important factors like unconscious impulses）。 But it‟s still an important message with clear
echoing as, a year later, we contemplate the personal lessons of September 11. Back at the ranch （livestock farm）—the one in Crawford, Texas—President Bush continued to issue mixed signals on Iraq. He finally promised to consult allies and Congress before going to war, and signaled an attack isn„t coming right now （“I‟m a patient man”）。 But so far there has been little consensus-building, even as the administration talks of “regime change” and positions troops in the gulf. Bush„s team also ridiculed the press for giving so much coverage to the Iraq issue. Defense Secretary Rumsfeld called it a “frenzy,” and Press Secretary Ari Fleischer dismissed it as “self-inflicted silliness.” But as Michael Hirsh notes in our lead story, much of the debate has been inside the Republican Party, where important voices of experience argue Bush needs to prepare domestic and world opinion and think through the global consequences before moving forward. With so much at stake, the media shouldn‟t pay attention? Now who„s being silly? 
21. Faced with diversified issues of injustice, Dr. Phil McGraw advised that people should _____. ［A］ strongly voice their condemnation of those responsible ［B］ directly probe the root of their victimization ［C］ carefully examine their own problems ［D］ sincerely express their sympathy for the victims 
22. One possible response, when the program “Dr. Phil” was first presented on TV, that people 
were afraid of was _____. ［A］ suspicion 
 
［B］ satisfaction  
［C］ indifference 
［D］ indignation 
23. The word “tough”（Line 7, Paragraph 2） most probably means_____. ［A］ piercing to the truth     ［B］ using vulgar language ［C］ mean and hostile  
 
 
 
 
［D］ difficult to understand 
24. The author advises the public to _____. 
［A］ leave out factors such as unconscious impulses ［B］ draw lessons of their own from September 11 ［C］ respond decisively to September 11 tragedy ［D］ accept decisions beyond our control 
25. With a series of questions at the end of the text, the author _____. ［A］ feels uncertain of what his own opinion is ［B］ differentiates two conflicting views ［C］ criticizes the Bush Administration ［D］ argues for the US policy on Iraq 
Text 2 
Pressure is mounting on Ahold„s embattled supervisory board following the Dutch grocery group‟s decision to pay its new chief executive more than C= 10m to lead its recovery from a ruining accounting scandal. Anders Moberg„s pay package—and the timing of its disclosure at a shareholder meeting last week—has confronted Ahold with a new credibility crisis as it struggles 

to restore confidence after the C=970m （ $1 bn） scandal. The dispute-evident in a sea of critical media comment in the Netherlands at the weekend threatens to divert management from its recovery strategy, built on significant divestments and a likely rights issue to reduce C=11bn in net debt. Units deemed unable to attain first or second position in food retail within three to five years will immediately be put up for sale. The board‟s position appears all the more delicate following comments made by Mr. Moberg to the Financial Times, in which he criticized non-executive directors for ignoring his advice to disclose his salary in May, when he agreed his contract. Instead Ahold waited more than four months to make the announcement, on the day share-holders were asked to approve Mr. Moberg„s appointment. “I was the one who said I liked transparency, and I had hoped ［the supervisory board］ had shown ［the salary package］ in May to avoid a situation like this,” Mr. Moberg told the FT. As the row prompted the left-leaning Dutch Daily to call for a boycott of Ahold‟s Dutch Albert Heijn supermarket chain where only last week Ahold announced 440 redundancies—it was clear the supervisory board had badly misjudged the reaction. While Henny de Ruiter, supervisory board chairman, said the salary was a fair reflection of what a company in Ahold„s unfavorable circumstances had to pay to attract a top manager, furious investors accused it of pushing through the package regardless of investor opinion. Furthermore, Dutch media commentators noted that the scandal at Ahold had been the trigger for the Dutch government to appoint a commission to strengthen corporate governance. That commission has recommended a limit on executive bonuses, far below the potential two-and-a-half times annual salary that Mr. Moberg could earn. Meanwhile, Mr. Moberg is trying to distance himself from the row and focus on strategy. He told the FT that measures had already been taken to raise its stake in the ICA-Ahold joint venture in Scandinavia. Ahold had included in its forecasts an amount necessary to buy the shares of either of its joint venture partners, who should exercise a “put option” and sell their stake from April 2004. 26. The decision on Anders Moberg‟s pay package has _____. ［A］ incurred much criticism from the shareholders ［B］ helped restore public confidence in Ahold ［C］ saved the supervisory board from another crisis ［D］ put pressure on the new chief executive 
27. The recovery strategy by Ahold„s management includes _____. ［A］ avoiding the next accounting scandal ［B］ diverting investment to other fields ［C］ issuing rights to more retailers 
［D］ selling the retailers with poor performance 
28. Anders Moberg thought that if his salary had been announced earlier, _____. ［A］ the board‟s position would have become less difficult ［B］ he would have agreed to the contract with Ahold 
［C］ more time could have been devoted to his recovery plan ［D］ the shareholders wouldn„t have strongly opposed 
29. Before the scandal at Ahold, the executive bonuses in Dutch companies _____. ［A］ were higher than what Moberg earned ［B］ were regulated by a commission ［C］ were not monitored by the government ［D］ were not set by corporate management 
30. According to Moberg‟s recovery strategy, Ahold will _____. ［A］ sell its stake to other joint venture companies ［B］ buy shares of its Scandinavian partners 
［C］ choose to put money in its chain shops in Scandinavia ［D］ exercise its potential influence on partners  
Text 3 
Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space. 
“The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet.” Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet. 
Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today. We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways,” Cerf said. 
Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: “We need dreams like this. But I don‟t know any Martian whom I‟d like to communicate with through the Internet.” 
Cerf has been working with NASA‟s Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratory—the people behind the recent Mars expedition—to design what he calls an “interplanetary Internet protocol.” He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay. 
“This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now,” Cerf told the conference. 

“If we use domain names like Earth or Mars...jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community.” He added. 

“The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission.” 
He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. 
“The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I don‟t know where we‟re going to have to put it but my guess is that we‟ll be going out there some time,” Cerf said. 
“If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the same—it started as pure research but now it is commercialized.” 
31. According to Cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary internet is to _____. ［A］ send real-time science data     
［B］ communicate with astronauts 
［C］ lay foundation for future technological advances  ［D］ commercialize the technology 
32. From the text, we learn that Vinton Cerf is _____. ［A］ seeking answers to questions about the Internet web 
［B］ working on interplanetary Internet with collaboration of NASA ［C］ trying to commercialize the interplanetary Internet 
［D］ exploring the possibility of establishing Internet network on Mars 33. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____. 
［A］ the dream to build interplanetary Internet can be fulfilled in the future ［B］ interplanetary Internet will be commercialized in 100 years ［C］ the research of Internet took 50 years 
［D］ it will take a long time to build interplanetary Internet 34. We know from the text that the Mars mission is _____. ［A］ one of NASA‟s internet projects          ［B］ an expedition to Mars 
［C］ the infrastructure of the interplanetary Internet  ［D］ to create an architecture on Mars  
35. Which of the following is the main point of the text? ［A］ The development of the Internet.    ［B］ The possibility of space research. ［C］ Universal information superhighway.   
［D］ The technological advances of the Mars mission. 
Text 4 
Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture‟s tools and technology can tell us about the group‟s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.  
Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.  
Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, people‟s aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike. 
One more important part of music‟s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.  
36. Which of the following does not belong to material culture? ［A］ Instruments.    
 
 
［B］ Music.              
［C］ Paintings.           ［D］ Sheet music. 
37. The word “phonograph” (Line 5-6, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____. ［A］ record player     
［B］ radio ［C］ musical technique   ［D］ music culture 
38. The main idea of the first paragraph is _____. ［A］ the importance of cultural tools and technology ［B］ the cultural influence of the development of civilization ［C］ the focus of the study of the material culture of music ［D］ the significance of the research into the musical instruments 39. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of printed music? ［A］ Reading of music notation has a great impact on musicians. ［B］ People may draw inspiration from it. 
［C］ The music culture will be influenced by it in the end. ［D］ Songs tend to be standardized by it. 40. From the third paragraph, we may infer that_____. ［A］ traditional cultural heritage is worthy of preservation 
［B］ the universal features shared by all cultures aren‟t worthy of notice ［C］ musicians pay more attention to the preservation of traditional music ［D］ the more developed a culture, the more valuable the music it has fostered  Part B 
Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)   
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. （41） __________ 
He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society. 
Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.  （42） __________ 
For example, an expression like “maiden dawn” for “sunrise” resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her. 
Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past.  （43） __________ 
 Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer‟s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science). 
The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith‟s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.  （44） __________ 
 This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth. 
Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core—whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.  （45） __________ 
[A] German-born British scholar Max Müller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India ---- the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. Müller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena. 

[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society. [C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths — like dreams — condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols. 
[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages. 
[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottolob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fibula, meaning “fable”) to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.  
[F] German scholar Karl Otfried Müller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825.  Part C 
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)  
There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46) But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions — a factor that academic critics rarely take into account. Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (47) Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents‟ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”. During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn‟t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I‟d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50) I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn‟t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “When I‟m financially secure.” 
 
Section III Writing 
Part A  
51. Directions: Imagine you are a student who wants to apply for the New Star scholarship offered by your university. Write a letter to the person concerned, which should include (1) the purpose of writing the letter; (2) your qualifications for the scholarship; (3) your thanks. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 

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